Here’s how to create a NAS program using Debian 12, Nginx 1.27, PHP 8.4, MariaDB 11, and Linux Kernel 6.1, deploying it under /usr/share/nginx/html.
Objectives of the NAS Program
User Authentication and Role Management:
Admin and regular user roles.
User registration, login, and permissions.
File Management:
Upload, download, delete, and rename files.
Create directories.
File Sharing:
Generate shareable links.
Set expiration dates for shared links.
System Monitoring:
Display storage usage.
Provide data backup and restore options.
Steps to Develop and Deploy
1. Environment Setup
1.1 Install Necessary Packages
# Update the system
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
# Install Nginx
sudo apt install -y nginx
# Install PHP 8.4 and required extensions
sudo apt install -y php8.4 php8.4-fpm php8.4-mysql php8.4-zip php8.4-mbstring php8.4-curl php8.4-xml php8.4-gd
# Install MariaDB 11
sudo apt install -y mariadb-server
# Install Git and Composer
sudo apt install -y git composer
1.2 Configure Nginx
Create a new Nginx configuration file at /etc/nginx/sites-available/nas:
server {
listen 80;
server_name nas.local;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.php index.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}
location ~ .php$ {
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.4-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
location ~ /.ht {
deny all;
}
}
Enable the site configuration and restart Nginx:
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/nas /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ sudo systemctl reload nginx
2. Database Setup
2.1 Create the Database
Log in to MariaDB:
sudo mariadb
Run the following SQL commands:
CREATE DATABASE nas; CREATE USER 'nas_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'strong_password'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nas.* TO 'nas_user'@'localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
2.2 Database Schema
users Table:
CREATE TABLE users (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
role ENUM('admin', 'user') DEFAULT 'user',
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);
files Table:
CREATE TABLE files ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, user_id INT NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, path VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE );
shared_links Table:
CREATE TABLE shared_links ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, file_id INT NOT NULL, token VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL UNIQUE, expires_at TIMESTAMP, created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, FOREIGN KEY (file_id) REFERENCES files(id) ON DELETE CASCADE );
3. PHP Project Setup
3.1 Create a Laravel Project
Set up the Laravel project in /usr/share/nginx/html:
cd /usr/share/nginx/html composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel nas
3.2 Configure .env File
Update the .env file to connect to the database:
DB_CONNECTION=mysql DB_HOST=127.0.0.1 DB_PORT=3306 DB_DATABASE=nas DB_USERNAME=nas_user DB_PASSWORD=strong_password
3.3 Set Permissions
Ensure proper file permissions for PHP and Nginx:
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /usr/share/nginx/html sudo chmod -R 775 /usr/share/nginx/html
4. Core Functionality Development
4.1 User Authentication
Use Laravel’s built-in authentication system:
cd /usr/share/nginx/html/nas php artisan make:auth
4.2 File Management
Create a file management controller:
php artisan make:controller FileController
Example code for file upload:
public function upload(Request $request) {
$request->validate([
'file' => 'required|file|max:10240', // Max 10MB
]);
$path = $request->file('file')->store('uploads', 'public');
File::create([
'user_id' => auth()->id(),
'name' => $request->file('file')->getClientOriginalName(),
'path' => $path,
]);
return redirect()->back()->with('success', 'File uploaded successfully!');
}
4.3 File Sharing
Example code to generate a shareable link:
public function share($file_id) {
$file = File::findOrFail($file_id);
if ($file->user_id !== auth()->id()) {
abort(403);
}
$token = Str::random(32);
SharedLink::create([
'file_id' => $file_id,
'token' => $token,
'expires_at' => now()->addDays(7),
]);
return response()->json(['link' => route('files.shared', $token)]);
}
5. Deployment and Testing
5.1 Test the Application
Access http://nas.local and ensure everything works. If there are issues:
Check Nginx logs: /var/log/nginx/error.log
Check Laravel logs: /usr/share/nginx/html/nas/storage/logs/laravel.log
5.2 Optimize Performance
Enable PHP OPCache: Edit /etc/php/8.4/fpm/php.ini:
opcache.enable=1 opcache.memory_consumption=128 opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000
Use Redis for caching: Install Redis and configure Laravel caching.
This setup provides a fully functional NAS program deployed under /usr/share/nginx/html.
OVER!!!